pH对生物合成超声分子影像探针气囊充放气的调控

气囊（gas vesicles,GVs）是一种存在于蓝藻及古菌等微生物中调节浮力的类细胞器纳米结构,由蛋白质外壳包裹气体组成。近年来的研究表明,气囊具有作为超声分子影像探针的潜力。然而,气囊的充放气机制并不明确,限制了生物合成超声分子影像探针的保存和气体更换。本研究发现环境pH值是调节气囊充放气的一个重要因素。其不仅可以调节藻细胞内的气囊充放气进而使微囊藻呈现不同的漂浮状态,还可对提纯的气囊充放气进行体外调节,且该调节过程可逆。该机制的阐明为生物合成超声分子影像探针的大规模生产和保存,特别对气囊中的气体进行更换以满足不同的诊疗需求提供了技术支持,助力生物合成超声造影剂在疾病诊疗中的应用。     

Study on the Adsorption of Cr3+ by Peanut Shell: Adsorption Kinetics,Thermodynamics, and Isotherm Properties

The pollution of heavy metals in soil to the environment is becoming more and more serious, resulting in the reduction of crop production and the occurrence of medical accidents. In order to remove heavy metal ions from soil and reduce the harm of heavy metals to the environment, modified peanut shell was used to adsorb Cr³⁺ in this article. The effects of different adsorption conditions on the adsorption rate and adsorption capacity of Cr³⁺ on ZnCl₂ modified peanut shell were studied, the best adsorption conditions were explored, and the relationship of kinetics, thermodynamics and adsorption isotherm properties of adsorption process were explored. The results showed that the optimum adsorption pH value, dosage, initial concentration, adsorption temperature and contact time of ZnCl₂ modified peanut shell were 2.5, 2.5 g/L, 75 μg/mL, 25 °C and 40 min, respectively. The prepared materials were characterized and analyzed by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyzer. It was concluded that the modified peanut shell had a good adsorption capacity to Cr³⁺. The kinetic study showed that the adsorption process of Cr³⁺ on peanut shell modified by zinc chloride was in accordance with the quasi-second-order kinetic model. The adsorption process belonged to exothermic reaction and belonged to spontaneous reaction process. In summary, it is proved that zinc chloride modified peanut shell can efficiently adsorb Cr³⁺, which can be used for the treatment of heavy metal wastes in industry, which is beneficial to environmental protection and avoid heavy metal pollution.     

Picroside III,an Active Ingredient of Picrorhiza scrophulariiflora,Ameliorates Experimental Colitis by Protecting Intestinal Barrier Integrity

This study aims to explore the protective effects of Picroside III, an active ingredient of Picrorhiza scrophulariiflora, on the intestinal epithelial barrier in tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) induced Caco-2 cells and dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) induced colitis in mice. Results show that Picroside III significantly alleviated clinical signs of colitis including body weight loss, disease activity index increase, colon shortening, and colon tissue damage. It also increased claudin-3, ZO-1 and occludin expressions and decreased claudin-2 expression in the colon tissues of mice with colitis. In vitro, Picroside III also significantly promoted wound healing, decreased the permeability of cell monolayer, upregulated the expressions of claudin-3, ZO-1 and occludin and downregulated the expression of claudin-2 in TNF-α treated Caco-2 cells. Mechanism studies show that Picroside III significantly promoted AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) phosphorylation in vitro and in vivo, and blockade with AMPK could significantly attenuate the upregulation of Picroside III in ZO-1 and occludin expressions and the downregulation of claudin-2 expression in TNF-α treated Caco-2 cells. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that Picroside III attenuated DSS-induced colitis by promoting colonic mucosal wound healing and epithelial barrier function recovery via the activation of AMPK.     

乳链菌肽高产菌株AL2的发酵条件研究

对乳链菌肽高产菌株ＡＬ２的发酵条件进行了研究,发现３０℃是产乳链菌肽的最适温度;蔗糖和酵母膏是最佳的碳、氮源,浓度分别为０．５％和１％。发酵培养基起始ｐＨ为６．５;锰离子对乳链菌肽的产生有促进作用,而铜离子却有严重的抑制作用。     

Immunogenicity of the Shigella flexneri Serotype Y (SFL124) Vaccine Strain Expressing Cloned Glucosyl Transferase Gene of Converting Bacteriophage SfX

The glucosyl transferase gene (gtr) from bacteriophage phage X (SfX) caused partial conversion of serotype Y (group antigen 3, 4) to X (group antigen 7, 8) when introduced into a candidate vaccine strain of Shigella flexneri serotype Y (SFL124). The gtr gene caused conversion of O-antigens but did not eliminate the adsorption of the corresponding phage SfX. The hybrid strain expressing both group antigens 7, 8 and 3, 4 showed 75% protection when immunized guinea pigs were challenged with a wild-type S. flexneri serotype X strain. No protection was observed against serotype Y challenge, although group antigen 3, 4 was detected in the LPS of the hybrid strain. This suggests the importance of O-antigen immunity in the host defense against shigellosis.     

阳离子诱导大叶藻叶绿体膜中激发能在PSⅡ和PSⅠ之间分配变化的机理(英文)

用Ｃａ２＋ 和胰酶处理大叶藻（Ｚｏｓｔｅｒａ ｍ ａｒｉｎａ）叶绿体膜研究了其类囊体膜多肽成分与Ｍｇ２＋ 诱导其Ｃｈｌａ荧光和类囊体膜表面电荷变化之间的相互关系,观察到：１．在正常的叶绿体膜中,Ｍｇ２＋ 诱导ＰＳⅡ荧光强度的增高与其诱导类囊体膜表面电荷密度的降低密切相关;２．用Ｃａ２＋ 处理这种叶绿体膜,除去类囊体膜表面的３２～３４ ｋＤ多肽对Ｍｇ２＋ 诱导的上述现象无影响;３．如果用胰酶消化Ｃａ２＋ 处理过的叶绿体膜,进一步除去膜表面的２６ ｋＤ多肽,Ｍｇ２＋诱导的这些现象则全部消失。这些实验结果清楚地表明,在大叶藻的叶绿体膜中,类囊体膜表面的２６ ｋＤ 多肽是阳离子诱导这两种相关现象的特异性作用部位。对阳离子调节激发能在ＰＳⅡ和ＰＳⅠ之间分配的机理进行了讨论     

UPRE-lac Z为报告基因评价酵母UPR响应初步研究 *

目的: 未折叠蛋白质反应UPR是酵母最重要蛋白质质量控制机制之一,研究UPR响应规律有助于优化异源蛋白分泌途径合成和应对酸醇等胁迫因子的细胞自我保护。方法: 选择实验室菌株W303-1A和工业菌株An-a,以UPRE启动子控制下的Lac Z为报告基因,利用CRISPR/Cas9技术构建得到指示菌株W303-1A (leu 2::UPRE-lac Z)和An-a (leu 2::UPRE- lac Z),分别简称WZ和AZ。结果: 生长曲线测定显示WZ和AZ与亲本菌株的生长接近;添加下述试剂孵育4h后测定β-半乳糖苷酶酶活:1μg/ml衣霉素、8%(v/v)乙醇、0.3%(v/v)乙酸、5%(v/v)乙醇+0.1%(v/v)乙酸;菌株AZ的比酶活分别是对照值的8.2、26.4、1.1和7.9倍,而菌株WZ则分别为12.6、2.4、1.0和1.0倍;进一步以YEplac195为载体表达β-葡萄糖苷酶,AZ和WZ转化子在2%纤维二糖中生长24h的β-葡萄糖苷酶酶活值分别为0.35和6.12U/ml,相应的LacZ则分别为对照值的3.1和5.4倍。结论: 两个菌株显示了在抑制物和异源蛋白表达UPR响应和调控能力上的显著差异,为其改造利用提供了方向;研究也为分析抑制物耐受性和异源蛋白表达关键制约因素、优化酵母ER和UPR信号通路的调控奠定了初步方法基础。     

根霉葡萄糖淀粉酶的复性复活动力学研究

本文利用荧光、紫外差光谱研究了根霉葡萄糖淀粉酶在盐酸胍变性后的复性、复活动力学。结果表明,该酶在小于4mol/L盐酸胍中变性是可逆的,其复性过程遵循一级反应方程。酶复活过程是由两个一级反应组成的复合反应,构象变化速度与复活过程中较快的反应速度相差无几,这可能是在Trp及Tyr微区的构象变化基本完成之后,酶活力恢复还没有完成造成的。     

豚草的剪叶实验研究

豚草的剪叶实验研究结果表明:不剪叶的豚草株高可达222.3cm,单次剪叶平均株高为212.1cm,而连续多次剪叶时株高为184.0cm,连续6次全剪叶处理的植株在株高为130cm时死亡。不剪叶的植株结实枝条为14.9条。营养生长早期剪叶及重剪叶明显抑制枝条的形成,而后期剪叶有促进分枝的作用。剪叶对花穗数的影响与对分枝数的影响基本一致。不剪叶植株可产生1873.2粒种子,经剪叶处理后,种子量明显降低。大多数处理的种子减少率在40—70％之间,连续6次全剪叶的种子量减少率达100％。早期剪叶以及剪叶次数愈多,剪叶愈重,对豚草株高、结实枝、花穗数及种子量的抑制作用愈明显。     

cDNA for the carboxyl-terminal region of a rat intestinal mucin-like peptide.

When subjected to thiol reduction, purified intestinal mucins have been shown to undergo a decrease in molecular mass and to liberate a 118-kDa glycopeptide (Roberton, A. M., Mantle, M., Fahim, R. E. F., Specian, R., Bennick, A., Kawagishi, S., Sherman, P., and Forstner, J. F. (1989) Biochem. J. 261, 637-647). The latter has been called a putative "link" component because it is assumed to be important for disulfide bond-mediated mucin polymerization. Controversy exists as to whether the putative link is an integral mucin component or a separate mucin-associated glycopeptide. In the present study both NH2-terminal and internal amino acid sequences of the 118-kDa glycopeptide of rat intestinal mucin were used to generate opposing oligonucleotide primers for polymerase chain reaction. A specific 1.2-kilobase (kb) product was obtained, from which a 0.5-kb HindIII fragment was used as a probe to screen a lambda ZAP II cDNA library of rat intestine. A 2.6-kb cDNA (designated MLP 2677) was sequenced and revealed an open reading frame of 2.5 kb encoding 837 amino acids. The deduced amino acid sequence showed that the putative link peptide is equivalent to the carboxyl-terminal 689 amino acids of a larger peptide. Northern blots revealed a mRNA size of approximately 9 kb. Computer searches revealed no sequence homology with other proteins, but similarities were seen in the alignment of cysteine residues in the link and in several domains of human von Willebrand factor, as well as cysteine-rich areas of bovine and porcine submaxillary mucins and a frog skin mucin designated FIM-B.1. In keeping with earlier demonstrations of the presence of mannose in the 118-kDa glycopeptide, there were several (13) consensus sequences for attachment of N-linked oligosaccharides within the link domain. Further sequencing of MLP 2677 in a direction 5' to the codon specifying the NH2-terminal proline of the link has revealed a coding region for 148 amino acids, including a unique 75-amino acid domain rich in cysteine and proline, and a region containing 4.5-variable tandem repeats (each 11-12 amino acids) rich in serine, threonine, and proline. The presence of mucin-like tandem repeats suggests that the entire cysteine-rich link peptide represents the carboxyl-terminal region (75.5 kDa) of a mucin-like peptide (MLP). The latter is estimated to have a molecular mass of approximately 300 kDa.